Answer: 3. Punishing behaviour that deviates from the terminal behaviour
Explanation: shaping procedure is the process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior. It usually starts by reinforcing a behaviour that the individual already has and in some way related to the terminal (desired) behaviour; this is the first approximaion. After this is strengthened, the reinforcement is extinguished and then the next behaviour which is a closer approximation is strengthened and eventually extinguished.
This process continues with each approximation closer to the terminal behaviour until the terminal behaviour is achieved. For every step or approximation, the previous reinforcement has to be extinguished in order to move the process closer to the end goal, which is the terminal (desired) behaviour.
Answer:
The Government decides the prices of goods services.
Explanation:
The Federalist Papers. Beginning on October 27, 1787 the Federalist Papers were first published in the New York press under the signature of "Publius". These papers are generally considered to be one of the most important contributions to political thought made in America.
Option C
The peer review process, in which scientists submit write-ups of their ideas and experiments to a set of colleagues who judge how good the ideas are before the ideas can be published, is: A useful and important, even if imperfect, mechanism of quality-control for the scientific literature
<u>Explanation:</u>
The peer-review practice endures to approve scholarly work, accommodates to enhance the worth of proclaimed research, and builds networking circumstances in research areas. Notwithstanding critiques, peer review is yet the unique internationally affirmed system for research validation.
Peer review guarantees that documents undergo a fair evaluation and skillful opinion, enabling scholars to develop their script and therefore high-quality experimental interpretation and articles to be proclaimed. It also encourages the browsers to believe the scientific uprightness of the report and to present notified declarations where peer reviewer comments are ready.
