<span>Energy is transferred through the separate trophic levels of a food chain or web by feeding.The first trophic level (producers) is that of plants which are examples of autotrophs – they make their own food. Photosynthesis occurs when the plants use solar energy and convert it into chemical energy so it can be stored in a carbon compound. Once this has happened the energy can be taken up by the primary consumers – these are in the second trophic level (herbivores and omnivores). Secondary consumers also need to gain energy in some way, and this is by eating the primary consumers that have gained energy from the producers, this means that the second trophic level has successfully transferred energy into the third level containing omnivores and carnivores. A succession in energy transferral means that a food web or food chain has a tertiary and/or quaternary trophic level which can contain carnivores and omnivores which are plant and animal eaters (this includes humans).This transfer in energy is fairly efficient for the organisms involved as around 10% of light energy that is converted into chemical energy through photosynthesis is transferred through the trophic levels, the rest is lost in respiration, as heat, faeces and urine. Not all of the energy can be passed along a food web or chain as it must be used in other things too, so it cannot be 100% efficient.</span>
Answer:
A conversion factor is a variable that transforms the dimension of one variable into the terms of another variable.
Explanation:
Let be 
and 
two variables with diferent dimensions (units), 
is a conversion if transforms the dimension of one variable into the terms of the other variable. That is:
(1)
Where:
- Input, [input unit]
- Output, [output unit]
- Conversion factor, [output unit] per [input unit]
The complete reaction is as,
4-Aminophenol + Acetic Anhydride → <span>Acetaminophen + Acetic Acid
First of all convert the ml of Acetic anhydrite to grams,
As,
Density = mass / volume
Solving for mass,
mass = Density </span>× Volume
<span>Putting values,
mass = 1.08 g/ml </span>× 5ml
<span>
mass = 5.4 g of acetic anhydride
First Find amount of acetic anhydride required to react completely with 2 g of p-Aminophenol,
As,
109.1 g of p-aminophenol required = 102.1 g of acetic anhydride
so, 2 g of p-aminophenol will require = X g of Acetic Anhydride
Solving for X,
X = (2 g </span>× 102.1 g) ÷ 109.1 g
X = 1.87 g of acetic anhydride is required to be reacted.
But, we are provided with 5.4 g of Acetic Anhydride, means p-aminophenol is the limiting reactant and it controls the formation of product. Now Let's calculate for product,
As,
109.1 g of p-aminophenol produced = 180.2 g of <span>Acetaminophen
So 2.00 g of p-aminophenol will produce = X g of Acetaminophen
Solving for X,
X = (2.00 g </span>× 180.2 g) ÷ 109.1 g
X = 3.30 g of Acetaminophen
Result:
<span>If 2.00g of p-aminophenol reacts with 5.00 ml of acetic anhydride 3.30 g of acetaminophen is made.</span>
The Scientific Method organized the way scientist conducted experiments. It became safer and less chaotic as the Scientific Method gave them a plan of action throughout any and all experiments.
Charles Darwin; he developed the theory of evolution where changes in species are driven by (overtime) by natural and sexual selection.
