Answer:
Following are the responses to these question:
Explanation:
The heterokaryons were cells of diverse traditions or more nuclei. A heterokaryon cell with network cells (donor and receiver nuclei) sharing a common costly to treat is produced whenever a node containing GFP-tagged protein (donor cell) is merged to a cell non express the GFP-tagged proteins (recipient cell). Unless the intracellular scram nuclear exists, GFP must leave the GFP atoms, be shipped to the cytosol, and be exported to a nucleus with emission of GFP protein (recipient nucleus). It is obtaining nuclear has been beginning to release the GFP protein.
Unless the GFP protein doesn't display a nucleus costly to treat, this is not distributed across time in the metal target. By either sole dissemination through nuclear pores or receptor-mediated routes, protein yelling from nuclear to emotional exhaustion can occur. That GFP proteins are shown in a nucleus only suggests a path via a transmitter. For chloroplast, though, protein disperses via nuclear envelope. It is not the case. It should have nuclear foreign trade signals when ferrying between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Cycloheximide is indeed a medicine that stops protein expression without elongating. For heterokaryon cells, it inhibits fresh protein synthesis. It makes visualization of a nanoparticle cell of only old pre-existing molecules (before cycloheximide diagnosis). That post GFP substance is a shuttling shielding substance that passes seen between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and the receiver nucleus. Whenever the levels of the shuttle were high, the GFP protein expression is shown both by the sender and receiver nucleus. The recipient nucleus will not be left without any schlepping protein. Thus, the donor nucleus can only be used.
Explanation:
-Pheophytin
P680 the primary donor of Photosystem II becomes excited and transfers an electron to pheophytin. Pheophytin is the initial intermediate electron acceptor and carrier in Photosystem II; it is a chlorophyll-like molecule that lacks a central magnesium ion.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.
The chloroplast is a membrane bound organelle found in plants. It contains several invaginations of a plasma membrane called the thylakoid membrane. This contains chlorophyll pigments, in stacks called granum, while the internal spaces of the organelle are called the lumen. Liquid surrounds the granum, forming the stroma.
During the light reaction:
- Light is absorbed by pigments in phosystem II (PSII). This energy is transferred among pigments til it gets to the reaction center, and is transferred to P680; this promotes an electron to a higher energy level where it then goes to an acceptor molecule, like Pheophytin .
- Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent.
- the electron moves down an electron transport chain (to PS I)where it experiences continuous energy loss. This energy fuels the pumping of H+ from the stroma to thykaloid, leading to the formation of a gradient. The H+ move along their gradient and cross through ATP synthase, into the the stroma.
- ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the energy storage molecule ATP.
- The electron gets to photosystem I where it goes to pigments at P700. It absorbs light energy, the electron is promoted to a higher energy level, and passed to an electron acceptor. This leaves a space for another electron which is then replaced by one from photosystem II.
- in the ETC, the molecule NADP is reduced to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.
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Answer:
double helix
Explanation:
Together, a base, sugar, and phosphate are called a nucleotide. Nucleotides are arranged in two long strands that form a spiral called a double helix
