A non-response bias is when subjects are selected to participate in a survey but some choose not to respond. This would lead to a portion of the population being misrepresented leading to inaccurate results. For example, those who returned the survey might be more likely to do something than those who did not complete the survey.
Answer:

And for the deviation we have:

And that value represent the best estimator for the population deviation since:
Step-by-step explanation:
For this case we have the following data:
1.48,1.45,1.54,1.52,1.52
The first step for this cae is find the sample mean with the following formula:

And replacing we got:

And now we can calculate the sample variance with the following formula:

And replacing we got:

And for the deviation we have:

And that value represent the best estimator for the population deviation since:
Looking at the question we can see that it says:

We should know what these symbols mean:
stands for something less than the other, for example:
We can say that 2 is less than 5 so in a symbolic form it can be written as,
Similarly,
stands for something greater than the other, for example:
We can say that 7 is greater than 5, in a symbolic form it can be written as,

So here,
means that, 42153 is greater than 35214.
1) domain: x cannot be -1/3, 0
2) domain: m cannot be 4/3, -7/2
3) domain: m cannot be 3
The answer is for x is x = 60