Question

Please Help!! Will mark brainiest if the answers are correct and will post another question worth 300 points if they are all correct.
1. Which form of radiation has the strongest penetrating capabilities?
A. alpha
B. beta
C. gamma
D. x-rays

2. How is the atomic number affected when an atom releases an alpha particle?
A. it increases by one
B. it increases by two
C. it decreases by two
D. there is no change

3. How is the atomic number affected when gamma radiation is given off?
A. it increases by one
B. it increases by two
C. it decreases by two
D. there is no change

4. In one form of decay, a neutron
A. breaks down into a proton and emits an electron
B. becomes a new atom
C. gains an alpha particle
D. breaks down into two electrons

5. What does the band of stability for atomic nuclei refer to?
A. ratio of neutrons to protons
B. ratio of protons to neutrons
C. ratio of alpha particles to beta particles
D. ratio of beta particles to gamma radiation

6. What particle is needed to complete this balanced nuclear reaction? 222/86Rn -> 218/84Po + _________
A. an alpha particle
B. an electron
C. a beta particle
D. gamma radiation

7. A 3.5 gram sample of a radioactive element was formed in a 1960 explosion of an atomic bomb at Johnson Island in the Pacific test site. The half-life of the radioactive element is 28 years. How much of the original sample will remain in the year 2030? Choose the closest answer.
A. 0.40 g
B. 0.50 g
C. 0.60 g
D. 0.70 g

8. Describe, in detail, two real world applications of radiation.

9. Compare and contrast fission and fusion. How are they alike? How are they different?

10. You learned about three different devices that are used to detect radiation. Describe one of them and how it works.

11. Why do alpha particles have less penetrating power than beta particles?

Answer 1

1. gamma rays
2. C
3.D
4.A
5.A
6.A
7.B
8.some aplications would be the use of x-rays in medicine and the rsiation of food to preserve it
9.Both fission and fusion are nuclear processes by which atoms are altered to create energy, but what is the difference between the two? Simply put, fission is the division of one atom into two, and fusion is the combination of two lighter atoms into a larger one
10.The electroscope is a fairly simple device comprised of a metal rod with two thin leaves attached to one end. If the electroscope is given a negative charge, the metal leaves will separate from each other. It is this characteristic that makes the electroscope useful as a detection device. A negatively charged electroscope will discharge when ions in the air remove electrons from it, and consequently, a positively charged electroscope will discharge when it takes electrons from the air around it. The rate of discharge of the electroscope is a measure of ions in the air and can be used as a basis of measurement and detection
11. they are bigger and colide with atoms easier

Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

1. Ordening these radiations in increasing order of penetrating capabilitie we have:

alpha < beta < X-rays < gamma

Alpha particles can travel very short distancies because they are so heavy and it takes them to much energy to be moved. That’s why Alpha rays can´t pass throught a paper sheet neither human skin.

Beta rays have more energy so they cross even throught a thin layer of Wood or metal.

X-rays have very much more energy tan the previous two, so they can pass throught human body without being so dangerous in few quantities, that’s why they are used in medical analysis.

Gamma radiation is the strongest known up to here, it is just stopped by thick lead or cement walls, that’s why they have the strongest penetrating capability, being very dangerous for humans.

2. Alpha particles have 2 protons and 2 neutrons so when an atom releases an alpha particle it loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This process is called Alpha decay.

The atomic number indicates the amount of electrons (or protons) that an atoms has, so if an atom releases an Alpha particle it loses 2 protons making the atomic number decreases by two.

3. Gamma rays have very high energy but have no mass that’s why when gamma radiation is given off the atom nucleus stays the same without affecting the atomic number but with less energy. This process is called Gamma decay.

4. Sometimes nuclei are unstable because they have an excess of neutrons or protons. In these cases the nucleus gets stable by expelling a neutron or a proton. If the nucleus has an excess of neutons, one of those neutrons breaks down into a proton, becoming part of the original nucleus, and emits an electron as radioactivity.

5. The band of stability is a region where nuclei stay stable and they can’t changed into another configuration unless we add energy from an external source. More stable nuclei are those that have a 1:1 ratio of neutrons to protons because in this way exist equilibrium between attractive and repulsives forces inside the nuleus.

6. 222/86Rn -> 218/84Po + alpha particle (α)

The particle needed to complete the balanced nuclear reaction is an alpha particle because the atomic number decreases by 2 and atomic mass increases by 4 (from Radon to Polonium). This happens because alpha particle have 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

7. In the year 2030 will remain about 0.60g. The radioactive element half-life is the time that takes the element to reduces to half. The equation that we use for it and the resolution of the exercise are in the attachment.

8. One of the real world application of radiation most knwolegable is the use of X-rays  in medicine to see and identify injurys on bones by taking radiographs. This is posible because bones absorb part of the radiation we are expose to but soft tissues (muscles, tendons, etc.) let the radioation pass throught them, making the radiographs results more clear.

Another example it is the application of radiation to food to avoid the microorganisms growth so decreases deterioration of the food and avoids diseases. The benefits of this is that radiation do not let residues in the food as the chemicals products do.

9. Nuclear fission takes place when a heavy nucleus divides into smaller and lighter nuclei, by bombing it with neutrons; only one neutron can generate a chain reaction by releasing more neutrons so the process of fission gets multiply. This produces a huge amount of energy and that's why this type of reaction are use in nuclear reactors to generate electric energy.

On the other way, nuclear fusion combines small and light nuclei to creat a hevier and bigger one. It also produces a big amount of energy, but in this case is more complicated that nuclear fission so it is not used for generate electric energy. Nuclear fusion occurs when two positively charged nuclei get very close overcoming electrostatic repulsión forces.

10. There are differents types of Geiger counters but the most common it is used for gamma radiation detecting. It is a tube which has a metallic thread inside it and it is filled with a gas. It is called “counter” because every particle that passes throught the tube produces an electric pulse that allows the particles to be counted, and it is that pulse that we can hear in the devices with a particular sound. It it very usual find them in nuclear power plants.

11. When high the frequency high the energy of electromagnetic radiation; alpha and beta particles are types of electromagnetic radiation. Alpha particles has less frequency than beta particles, so they got less energy (less penetrating power). Also, the penetrating power decreases when bigger the size of particles is.