Possible gamete's genotypes in both parents are: SY, sY, Sy, sy
Genotypic ratio: SSYY 1 : SSYy 2 : SsYY 2 : SsYy 4 : SSyy 1: Ssyy 2: ssYY 1: ssYy 2: ssyy 1
Phenotypic ratio: yellow, spherical 9 : yellow, dented 3: green, spherical 3 : green, dented 1
Take a look at the attachment :)
Mitosis - 48 chromosomes (diploid cells)
Meiosis - 24 chromosomes (haploid cells)
Diploid cells. Meiosis is the process of cell division by which involving gametes. Cell division is just the same for sperm and egg cells, but they have distinguishable descriptions and labels in the process. Spermatogenesis is for the males’ sperm cells and oogenesis is the process for females’ egg cells. The cell division of meiosis involves the two phases, respectively meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I like mitosis is the cell division that produces diploid cells<span>. These diploid cells are cells that contain a complete pair of chromosomes which is 46. The result is two diploid cells after the first meiosis. To provide clear explanation, in contrast haploid cells only contain 23 chromosomes and are created after meiosis II which is 4 in number.</span>
Answer:
A
Explanation:
All living organisms ranging from unicellular prokaryotes to multicellular eukaryotes contain genetic material (DNA). This genetic material is usually found on structures called CHROMOSOMES. Although, the chromosomes are contained in the genome of all living organisms, there are differences.
The genetic material of the bacteria (a typical prokaryote) is a single DNA molecule that makes up its single circular chromosomal material, unlike in eukaryotes that contains double-stranded DNA molecules on linear chromosomes. This single circular chromosome of bacteria is found naked in a region of their cell called NUCLEOID, as they do not possess a membrane-bound nucleus that houses it (a unique characteristics of eukaryotes).
The mitochondrial and Chloroplast DNA mentioned in the other options are all components of eukaryotic cells. Bacteria, as a prokaryote does not contain this organnelles. Hence, they are not single replica.
Answer: Correct options are A, C and D
A. a forest because it has more trees to provide plant litter
C. a forest because it has more animals to mix the soil
D. a forest because the trees prevent rain from reaching the soil
Explanation:
Humus simply refers to organic matter, and the quantity of organic matter in a habitat depends on the extent of life activities done there.
Deserts, unlike forests have minimal life activities (as few plants and animals thrive in it). Thus, forests have more humus than deserts.
The structure of a typical antibody molecule
Antibodies are the secreted form of the B-cell receptor. An antibody is identical to the B-cell receptor of the cell that secretes it except for a small portion of the C-terminus of the heavy-chain constant region. In the case of the B-cell receptor the C-terminus is a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring sequence, and in the case of antibody it is a hydrophilic sequence that allows secretion. Since they are soluble, and secreted in large quantities, antibodies are easily obtainable and easily studied. For this reason, most of what we know about the B-cell receptor comes from the study of antibodies.
Antibody molecules are roughly Y-shaped molecules consisting of three equal-sized portions, loosely connected by a flexible tether. Three schematic representations of antibody structure, which has been determined by X-ray crystallography, are shown in Fig. 3.1. The aim of this part of the chapter is to explain how this structure is formed and how it allows antibody molecules to carry out their dual tasks—binding on the one hand to a wide variety of antigens, and on the other hand to a limited number of effector molecules and cells. As we will see, each of these tasks is carried out by separable parts of the molecule. The two arms of the Y end in regions that vary between different antibody molecules, the V regions. These are involved in antigen binding, whereas the stem of the Y, or the C region, is far less variable and is the part that interacts with effector cells and molecules.
