To remove one electron from singly ionized helium, will require approximately 54.4 eV or 8.72 1020 J of energy.
The amount of energy required by an isolated, gaseous molecule in the electronic state of the ground to absorb in order to discharge an electron and produce a cation has been known as the ionization energy. The amount of energy required for every atom in a mole to drop one electron is most often given as kJ/mol.
Anything that causes electrically neutral atoms and molecules to gain or lose electrons in order to become electrically charged atoms as well as molecules .
Therefore, the "To remove one electron from singly ionized helium, will require approximately 54.4 eV or 8.72 1020 J of energy."
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The answer is D because it sounds like the most ethical answer. The other choices are wrong because the could possibly hurt someone or an animal.
Theyre temporary magnets, so they can be turned on and off.
For a closed system, you need two things:
1) a conservation of mass within the boundaries of the system
2) the ability to freely exchange energy to & from the "closed" system with a surrounding external system
So, the answer is <u><em>never</em></u>, since your defining the "system" as the water within the bathtub, and an open bathtub is exposed to evaporation, which is not conserving mass within the defined "system".
<u>Plum Pudding Model(Thomson's atomic model)</u>
- Thomson's atomic model states that an atom has a positive sphere charge with electrons embedded inside it. He compared the atom with a plum pudding,as the electrons according to him seemed like the dry fruits embedded in the spherical pudding.
<u>Rutherford's Model</u>
- However Rutherford bombarded high energy streams of α-particles on a thin gold foil of 100 nm thickness. The deflection produced by the trajectory of these high energy α-particles after interaction with the thin sheet of gold was studied by placing a screen made up of zinc sulfide around the gold foil.
- The major observations made by Rutherford were that a very huge fraction of α-particles passed through the gold sheet without getting deflected. Thus he concluded that the major part of an atom must be empty.
- Very few α-particles got deflected minutely or at very small angles by the gold sheet when they were bombarded against it. Also very few particles got deflected at large angles. This made him conclude that the positive charge is concentrated in a very small region and is not distributed uniformly.
From the above observations he gave the following postulates:
- An atom is made up of positively charged particles. The mass of an atom was concentrated in small region which is named as the nucleus of an atom.
- The nucleus is surrounded by electrons which are negatively charged particles which revolve around the nucleus in a fixed circular path called as “orbits.”
- An atom is electrically neutral because electrons are negatively charged and the nucleus is positively charged. The electrons are held by the nucleus due to a strong electrostatic force.
- Compared to the total size of an atom the size of the nucleus is very small.
