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<u>Answer:</u>
If Joseph is successful, the neutral stimulus, the squirrel, must have been paired with an unconditioned stimulus such as a loud noise.
Option: (d)
<u>Explanation:</u>
- In classical conditioning, two of the stimulus are linked together in order to produce a newly acquired response in a person or animal.
- To make clear for his sister to be afraid of squirrel he introduced a stimuli ‘loud noise’ that makes aware about risk of squirrel. The classical conditioning technique was introduced by Pavlov in 1902.
Explanation:
A city-state, or polis, was the community structure of ancient Greece. Each city-state was organized with an urban center and the surrounding countryside. Characteristics of the city in a polis were outer walls for protection, as well as a public space that included temples and government buildings. The temples and government buildings were often built on the top of a hill, or acropolis. A surviving example of a structure central to an ancient acropolis is the famous Parthenon of Athens. The Parthenon was a temple built to honor the goddess Athena. The majority of a polis’s population lived in the city, as it was the center of trade, commerce, culture, and political activity.
There grew to be over 1,000 city-states in ancient Greece, but the main poleis were Athína (Athens), Spárti (Sparta), Kórinthos (Corinth), Thíva (Thebes), Siracusa (Syracuse), Égina (Aegina), Ródos (Rhodes), Árgos, Erétria, and Elis. Each city-state ruled itself. They differed greatly from the each other in governing philosophies and interests. For example, Sparta was ruled by two kings and a council of elders. It emphasized maintaining a strong military, while Athens valued education and art. In Athens every male citizen had the right to vote, so they were ruled by a democracy. Rather than have a strong army, Athens maintained their navy.
Greek city-states likely developed because of the physical geography of the Mediterranean region. The landscape features rocky, mountainous land and many islands. These physical barriers caused population centers to be relatively isolated from each other. The sea was often the easiest way to move from place to place. Another reason city-states formed, rather than a central, all-encompassing monarchy, was that the Greek aristocracy strove to maintain their city-states’ independence and to unseat any potential tyrants.
The appropriate response is James-Lange theory. It feeling comes about because of physiological states activated by boosts in the earth. Basically, the hypothesis suggests that after the underlying impression of a boost, the experience of the feeling comes about because of the view of one's own physiological changes.
