Answer:
extinction and change in species competition.
Explanation:
Answer:
1. Inhibiting IP3 channels, leading to decreased Ca2 in the sarcoplasm and reduced contraction.
2. Increasing the relative activity of MLCP, leading to a decrease in tension.
3. Activating K channels, increasing K leaking out of the cell which hyperpolarizes it and decreases the likelihood of Ca2 entry.
Explanation
In smooth muscle, cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediates relaxation because cAMP inhibits a specific kinase required for myosin light chain protein (MLCP) phosphorylation, thereby triggering contraction in the smooth muscles. It has been shown that cAMP inhibits 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent calcium ions (Ca 2+) release by activation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). PKG proteins act to modulate Ca2+ oscillations by stimulating sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase membrane proteins, increasing Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and Ca2+ efflux from the cells, and activate voltage-gated potassium (K) channels, thereby leading to membrane hyperpolarization and reducing Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels.
Answer:
Lower gravitational force due to lower mass.
Explanation:
Mars has lower gravitational force than Earth because of its lower size because mass has a direct effect on gravitational force of an object. Earth has mass of 5.972 × 10^24 kg which is 10 times greater than mass of Mars which is 6.4171 x 10^23 kg. So due to earth's more mass, it has more gravitational force than planet Mars which has lower mass than earth.
Answer:
Anaerobic respiration
Explanation:
Glucose —> lactic acid —> carbon dioxide and water
Anaerobic respiration
