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Answer:</h2>
These words are part of Montesquieu's treatise The Spirit of the Laws. More specifically, they belong to the Chapter 6 ("Of the Constitution of Engand") of this treatise.
In this text, Montesquieu defends political liberty. Moreover, he argues that the best way of achieving it is by establishing the separation of the powers. In that way, Montesquieu believes that the different functions of government, that is to say the executive, legislative, and judicial functions, should be assigned to different bodies. Furthermore, he argues that liberty cannot be established in a nation where there is no separation of powers.
The correct answer is:
The Senate could prevent the President's nominee from serving as a federal judge, if they refuse to confirm the President's nominee.
Explanation:
Under Article II, of the United States Constitution; the President has the power to elect candidates for Supreme Court Judges, but it also states that the Senate shall advice and consent the President's decision.
Before the President can officially present his nominee, he has to follow certain steps that involve sessions in which the nominee should present and answer questions from the Senate's Judiciary Committee. The Committee acts as a Representative Committee for the whole Senate, and if they approve (three-fifths are required), they send their vote to the entire Senate, this confirmation allows the President to appoint the nominee for federal judge.
These two are correct:
- All men have natural rights.
- The purpose of government is to protect natural rights.
Explanation:
The Scientific Revolution had shown that there are natural laws in place in the physical world and in the universe at large. Applying similar principles to matters like government and society, Enlightenment thinkers believed that using reason will guide us to the best ways to operate politically so we can create the most beneficial conditions for society. John Locke and other Enlightenment era thinkers wrote with strong conviction that all human beings have certain natural rights which are to be protected and preserved. Each individual's well-being (life, health, liberty, possessions) should be served by the way government and society are arranged.
The Declaration of Independence states these Enlightenment views on natural rights in this way:
- <em>We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.</em>
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen opens with this assertion:
- <em>The representatives of the French people, organized as a National Assembly, believing that the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of governments, have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man, in order that this declaration, being constantly before all the members of the Social body, shall remind them continually of their rights and duties.</em>
