Answer:
And then we can conclude that the middle 75% values of her lap times are from a=126.835 to b=132.585
Step-by-step explanation:
1) Previous concepts
Normal distribution, is a "probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean".
The Z-score is "a numerical measurement used in statistics of a value's relationship to the mean (average) of a group of values, measured in terms of standard deviations from the mean".
2) Solution to the problem
Let X the random variable that represent the times of a population, and for this case we know the distribution for X is given by:
Where
and ![\sigma=2.5](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Csigma%3D2.5)
Since we want the middle 75% values then on tha tails we need 1-0.75 =0.25 or 25% of the data and since the distribution is symmetric we need 12.5 % of the values on each tail.
For this part we want to find a value a and b, such that we satisfy this condition:
(a)
(b)
We can use the z score formula in order to find the value a and b given by:
As we can see on the figure attached the z value that satisfy the condition (b) with 0.125 of the area on the left and 0.875 of the area on the right it's z=-1.15. On this case P(Z<-1.15)=0.125 and P(z>-1.15)=0.875
If we use condition (b) from previous we have this:
![P(z](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%28z%3C%5Cfrac%7Ba-%5Cmu%7D%7B%5Csigma%7D%29%3D0.125)
But we know which value of z satisfy the previous equation so then we can do this:
![z=-1.15](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=z%3D-1.15%3C%5Cfrac%7Ba-129.71%7D%7B2.5%7D)
And if we solve for a we got
![a=129.71 -1.15*2.5=126.835](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=a%3D129.71%20-1.15%2A2.5%3D126.835)
So the value of height that separates the bottom 12.5% of data from the top 87.5% is 126.835.
As we can see on the figure attached the z value that satisfy the condition (b) with 0.875 of the area on the left and 0.125 of the area on the right it's z=1.15. On this case P(Z<1.15)=0.875 and P(Z>1.15)=0.125
If we use condition (b) from previous we have this:
![P(Z>\frac{b-\mu}{\sigma})=0.125](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%28Z%3E%5Cfrac%7Bb-%5Cmu%7D%7B%5Csigma%7D%29%3D0.125)
But we know which value of z satisfy the previous equation so then we can do this:
![Z=1.15>\frac{b-129.71}{2.5}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%3D1.15%3E%5Cfrac%7Bb-129.71%7D%7B2.5%7D)
And if we solve for a we got
![b=129.71 +1.15*2.5=132.585](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=b%3D129.71%20%2B1.15%2A2.5%3D132.585)
And then we can conclude that the middle 75% values of her lap times are from a=126.835 to b=132.585