Answer:
A. The cryosphere is part of the hydrosphere
Explanation:
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A nucleotide consists of all of the following except a nitrogenous base. The are of course the main building blocks of genetic information in many life forms.
a volcano is a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.
There are three main types of volcano - composite or strato,shield and dome. Composite volcanoes, sometimes known as strato volcanoes, are steep sided cones formed from layers of ash and [lava] flows. The eruptions from these volcanoes may be a pyroclastic flow rather than a flow of lava.
B. larger and more complex
Explanation: As the environment became more unpredictable, bigger brains helped our ancestors survive.
Diagram found elsewhere attached
Answer:
Clockwise from bottom
3. formation of mRNA in the nucleus
6. secretion of hormone by tissue
4. initiation of DNA replication because of a signal given by the hormone
2. synthesis of protein molecule by mRNA and tRNA
1. secretion of protein by the cell
5. binding of the hormone molecule with its receptor of the cell
Explanation:
The tissue in the top left releases a hormone. For example, a steroid hormone such as estrogen, which can impact gene expression at the level of transcription. This hormone then travels to a different cell to carry out its function. The hormone is able to enter the cell and binds receptors which recognise it. In this case, these receptors are present in the nuclear envelope. When the hormone has bound the receptor, it initiates a signalling cascade that the cell responds to.
In this case, the effect of the signal from the hormone is to initiate DNA replication. This is a common effect of hormones such as growth factors that signal the cells to proliferate.
The initiation of the signalling can also affect how genes are expressed. In this case, an mRNA is produced in the nucleus, which is created as a result of transcription. This mRNA molecule then moves to the cytoplasm, where it becomes translated into a polypeptide sequence at a ribosome, with the help from transfer RNAs (tRNAs).
This polypeptide forms a mature protein by progressive folding and potential modifications, and is released by the cell to perform its functions.