Answer:
2914 J
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
- Mass of the copper tubing (m): 665.0 g
- Initial temperature: 15.71 °C
- Final temperature: 27.09 °C
- Specific heat of copper (c): 0.3850 J/g.°C
Step 2: Calculate the temperature change
ΔT = 27.09 °C - 15.71 °C = 11.38 °C
Step 3: Calculate the energy required (Q)
We will use the following expression.
Q = c × m × ΔT
Q = 0.3850 J/g.°C × 665.0 g × 11.38 °C
Q = 2914 J
The reaction is shown below, Acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen and makes the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. Water attacks on activated carbonyl group and forms a tetrahedral intermediate.
Intermediate: Structure of Intermediate is shown both in 2-D and 3-D (below attached).
Carbonyl group is regenerated with the elimination of ethanol.
Reaction is as below, The final product is carboxylic acid.
Answer:
Molecules that will have dipole-dipole forces with like molecules include the water (H2O) molecule. Another example is the Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) molecule.
Explanation:
Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction or repulsion that exist between particles (ions, atoms, or molecules) that are close/in nearby proximity to each other. Usually, intermolecular forces are not as strong as intramolecular forces which create covalent or ionic bonds between the atoms that exist within molecules. Dipole-dipole interactions occur whenever the partial charges that exist within one molecule are attracted to the opposite partial charges that exist within another different molecule that is nearby and similar in composition: the positive end/charges of one molecule are attracted to the negative end/charges of another similar molecule.
An example of molecules that exhibit dipole-dipole interaction is the water (H2O) molecule. Another molecule which exhibits dipole–dipole interaction is the Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) molecule, whereby the positive end of one HCl molecule usually attracts the negative end of another HCl molecule.
Explanation:
Bayer process is industrial method of the refining of the bauxite to produce alumina which is aluminum oxide.
As alumina is amphoteric in nature, it exhibits a higher solubility at both the extremes of pH range, it is possible to dissolve alumina in low as well as in high pH solutions.
Dissolution of the alumina at high pH is well recognized in Bayer process. Bauxite is digested in very <u>high pH solution (> 13) of alkali</u> like sodium hydroxide at temperature of about 150–250°C and pressure at 20 atm. <u>This is done so that the dissolved alumina is separated from rest of insoluble bauxite minerals. </u>
