Answer:
b. smoking can paralyze the ciliary escalator.
Explanation
Generally cilia in the respiratory tract of smoker will undergo paralysis for 1-3 hours after smoking, and generally paralyzed in chronic smokers.
This is because the toxins( the TAR) in the cigarette destroy the mucocilliary escalator that trapped inhaled pathogens in air as it passes through the bronchi and push them up with phlegm out of the respiratory tract.
Therefore ,with the loss of cilirary function, pathogens are retained in the lungs leading to respiratory tract infections
Thank you so much for the points luv ya
For an experiment performed in the laboratory to be effective, a controlled environment is essential.
A laboratory will help to increase the reliability of hypothesis testing, as there will be less interference from the external environment in the experiment.
The design of the laboratory must then be aligned with the needs of the experiment, providing materials and an environment necessary for carrying out the experiment and learning.
<h3 /><h3>What is a scientific experiment?</h3>
Corresponds to a scientific methodology used to test hypotheses on a topic, through the manipulation and control of variables to prove or disprove an assumption.
Therefore, a scientific experiment carried out in the laboratory will help to reduce bias and interference, generating greater reliability in the results found.
Find out more about scientific experiment here:
brainly.com/question/17274244
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Answer: 25% are homozygous with the dominant gene (VV), 25% are homozygous with the recessive gene (vv), and 50% are heterozygous (Vv). Only the flies with vv will display the trait.
