As you move around there is a change in: electronegativies, ionisation energies, atomic radius etc. different amounts of these properties are going to effect how the element acts
16 protons and 18 electrons gives the atom a -2 charge because there are 2 more electrons than protons. If it were 16 protons and 16 electrons, the charge would be 0 or neutral.
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In addition, other pollutants like fertilizers, pesticides, and heavy metals are often attached to the soil particles and wash into the water bodies, causing algal blooms and depleted oxygen, which is deadly to most aquatic life.
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To get the answer divide 10cm by 2.54
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