MAD (mitotic arrest deficient) are proteins related to spindle cell cycle checkpoint and it is important since they prevent the segregation of sister chromatids until all have bound to the spindle.
The cell cycle ensures the duplication of the genome and its distribution in daughter cells by passing through a coordinated and regulated sequence of events.
A series of checkpoints guarantee the orderly progression of the phases of cell division and the correct distribution of the duplicated genetic material in the daughter cells.
The checkpoints during mitosis are:
- At the end of stage G1 and before S.
- Before anaphase in mitosis.
- DNA damage checkpoints in G1, S or G2.
The checkpoint before anaphase in mitosis guarantees the separation of chromosomes, and operates by activating the Mad2 protein that prevents the degradation of segurin, until the conditions are appropriate.
That is, the Mad2 protein prevents the segregation of sister chromatids until they have all bound to the spindle.
Therefore, we can conclude that MAD (mitotic arrest deficient) are proteins related to spindle cell cycle checkpoint and it is important since they prevent the segregation of sister chromatids until all have bound to the spindle.
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C no because many species went extinct without leaving fossils behind
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These areas are called 'biodiversity hotspots'
(Note : biodiversity means a large range of different organisms/species)
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Answer:
The correct answer will be option-D
Explanation:
Pulmonary Surfactant is a complex substance produced by the pneumocytes epithelial II cells in the alveolar sac.
The surfactant is composed of the proteins and lipids which plays a role in keeping alveoli open by reducing the surface tension formed between the air and liquid.
The surfactant act by forming a monolayer surface film which helps reduce the surface tension.
Thus, option-D is the correct answer.
