Answer:
The water molecules move by active transport into the cell from low water concentration to high water concentration
Answer: as fat is to lipid
Explanation:
Human monoclonal antibody (mAbs) are emerging in the field of cancer therapy and have become an increasing proportion of new drugs that are recently approved. Although there are some methods to obtain antigen-specific mAbs from human B cells, it is generally impossible to directly immunize human beings with antigens of interest. For example, for infectious agents, those approaches are largely restricted. To solve these obstacles, two main approaches have been developed; either by humanizing antigen-specific antibodies from small experimental animals (which is laborious due to the great genetic differences from humans) or rely on the in vitro selection of antigen-specific binders from human antibody repertoires. However, the human mAbs developed by these methods are usually with low affinity.
We are now coming up with a much better idea that is humanizing non-human primates mAbs instead of murine mAbs. Due to the close genetic relationship with humans, immunized NHPs have more potential to be isolated with high affinity antibody to human target than other experimental species, such as mouse, rat and rabbit. In addition, with appropriate method, NHP antibodies are much<span> easier to be humanized</span> without any loss of affinity compared to widely used murine antibodies.
Resource: http://www.creative-biolabs.com/High-Affi-TM-Human-Antibody-Discovery.html
Answer:
genetic engineering is possible because all organisms are based on the same. genetic code. scientists can study the effect of turning off a gene by using. gene knockout ... a ring of bacterial dna with foreign DNA inserted ... transgenic organisms can express the foreign genes because all organisms are bases on the same.
Explanation:
In a normal human karyotype, depending on the part of mitosis the cell is in, there are either 23 or 46.
