Answer:
Homologies - phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry
Analogies (homoplastic) - similarities between two species due to convergent evolution instead of descent from a common ancestor with the same trait
In general, organisms that share very similar morphologies or similar DNA sequences are likely to be more closely related than organisms with vastly different structures or sequences. In some cases, however, the morphological divergence between related species can be great and their genetic divergence small (or vice versa).
(plants very different, bc diverged 50 mil years ago)
If internal anatomy, physiology, and reproductive systems are very dissimilar, probably analogous.
The more elements that are similar in two complex structures, the more likely it is that the structures evolved from a common ancestor. If genes in two organisms share many portions of their nucleotide sequences, it is likely that the genes are homologous.:
Repressor slows down transcription.
RNA Polymerase enzyme transcribes mRNA from DNA.
Explanation:
Promoters are the 100 to 900 bps long sequence of DNA, that helps in the initiation of transcription. The transcription gets slow down as repressor bind to the promoter region hampering the attachment of RNA Polymerase enzyme which is responsible for transcription.
The process of transcription is the conversion of DNA into mRNA as told in the central dogma of molecular biology. Enzyme responsible for transcription is RNA polymerase. It is the first phase of gene expression, where DNA strand is copied into mRNA called a primary transcript.
<h2>Homologous genes get Highly Conserved</h2>
Explanation:
- Eukaryotes are those organisms whose cells possess a nucleus which is enclosed within membranes.
- Plants such as Apple trees
- Animals such as Dogs and cats
- Fungi such as Mushrooms
- Protists such as Paramaecium
- Amoeba are the examples of Eukaryotes.
- Eukaryotic cell possess several rod shaped chromosomes.
- Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles such as Golgi apparatus and Mitochondria, Chloroplast.
- Asexual and Sexual types of reproduction is seen in Eukaryotes.
