EXPLANATION:
There are 2 types of nucleic acids: DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA(ribonucleic acid).
Living organisms have their genetic material in their DNA. Viruses use RNA as their genetic material but are usually called non-living things( because they can't reproduce without help from a host).
The function of nucleic acids has a progression from DNA to RNA to proteins. This is called the central dogma of molecular biology.
Nucleic acids are formed by a linkage of polynucleotide chains with phosphodiester bonds. These polynucleotide chains are formed from monomers called NUCLEOTIDES.
A nucleotide is made up of 3 parts:
i) a nitrogenous base
ii) a five-carbon sugar
iii) at least one phosphate group.
bottleneck effect --- > A disease wipes out almost 90% of a population of birds, but the species adapts, and after 5 years its numbers increase dramatically.
gene flow ---> A population of rats travels on a cargo ship and mate with rats in a new region.
founder effect ---> Biologists introduce a small population of lizards on an island as part of a conservation effort.
mutation ---> A change in a DNA sequence causes a lizard to develop a darker skin color, which helps it hide from predators.
Linda’s belief in her capabilities is known as self-efficacy.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The concept of self efficacy was proposed for the first time by psychologist Albert Bandura. According to him self –efficacy means the ability of a person to execute courses of action that are required to deal with prospective situations. Self-efficacy determines the power of a person to face challenging situations and the choices he or she makes in life.
An individual’s external experiences and self perception are crucial in the development of self-efficacy. People with high self-efficacy tend to give a try in mastering even the hardest tasks rather than trying to avoid them.
