Answer:
Heredity | Khan Academy
Reading a pedigree · Determine whether the trait is dominant or recessive. If the trait is dominant, one of the parents must have the trait.
Star brightness is defined by either <span>D. apparent magnitude - when we measure it from Earth (that is how bright it is from Earth) - this is the closest to "basic observation" and the best answer
or by absolute magnitute - how bright it would be at a certain distance (this allows to compare the brightness).
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