Which signal are you talking about?
Given the symptoms shown by Marcos, we can infer that the organelle that may be causing his problems is the mitochondria.
The mitochondria are one of the most famous and important organelle within a cell. Found in most eukaryotic cells, they are the organelle responsible for most of the energy production of a cell, and throughout the cells of the body, they become responsible for the energy production of the organism. This is the origin of its famous <em>"</em><u><em>Powerhouse of the cell</em></u><em>"</em> title. Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP.
ATP is a molecular compound necessary for most of the reactions that take place in a cell. It is so common as a requirement for any cellular activity that ATP is known as the "molecular currency". Marcos is said to be experiencing chronic fatigue, which is a symptom of mitochondrial disease. When the mitochondria of an organism's cells are not functioning as they should be, the cells do not have the energy needed to perform basic functions.
In reaction to this, the body sends signals to the brain to go to sleep, which minimizes energy consumption by slowing down the metabolic processes which require ATP and thus gives the body time to produce more energy. For these reasons, we can conclude that the fatigue and problems Marcos is experiencing are due to mitochondrial disease.
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Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. The steps are illustrated in the Figure below. Initiation is the beginning of transcription. It occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter.
Answer:
Option (e).
Explanation:
Meiosis may be defined as the process of cell division in which a single parent cell divides into four daughter cells. The chromosome number reduces to half in meiosis.
Crossing over is the process of exchange of genetic material between the homologous chromosomes of the non-sister chromatids. Crossing over will bring variation in the gametes. Hence, the absence of crossing over results in the formation of gametes with less genetic variation.
Thus, the correct answer is option (e).