Answer:
It is a facultative anaerobic organism.
Explanation:
This organism makes ATP (energy provider molecule) by aerobic respiration in presence of oxygen, but when oxygen is removed it is capable of switching to fermentation (sugar consumption increases and growth rate decreases).
This happens because fermentation is much less effective at producing ATP and therefore there is not enough energy for growth.
This organisms are called facultative anaerobic.
Organisms with this type of metabolism include bacteria like Escherichia coli and Salmonella or yeast like Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Answer:
Ion channels are specialized proteins in the plasma membrane that provide a passageway through which charged ions can cross the plasma membrane down their electrochemical gradient.
Explanation:
Ion channels are molecular machines that serve as principal integrating and regulatory devices for controlling cellular excitability. Different types of ion channels have been described: channels that respond to mechanical, electrical (voltage-dependent ion channels), or chemical stimuli (ligand-gated ion channels); ion channels that are controlled by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanisms; and ion channels that are dependent on G proteins. Most ion channels are of the voltage-dependent type and consist mainly of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+) channels. Drugs can affect ion channel function directly by binding to the channel protein and altering its function or indirectly through G proteins and other intermediates. Lidocaine is a good example of a drug that directly affects voltage-gated Na+ channels by blocking the channel and thus Na+ entry into the cell.
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Answer:
Tapeworms are a parasite of humans
Explanation:
Tapeworm infection is caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with tapeworm eggs or larvae. If you ingest certain tapeworm eggs, they can migrate outside your intestines and form larval cysts in body tissues and organs (invasive infection).
Answer:
Whisk ferns
Explanation:
Non-vascular Plants. The non-vascular plants include mosses, hornworts and liverworts, and some algae. They are generally small plants limited in size by poor transport methods for water, gases and other compounds. They reproduce via spores rather than seeds and do not produce flowers, fruit or wood.
