Answer: Civilization
Explanation: A civilization is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification, a form of government and symbolic systems of communication such as writing.
Answer: 3. Punishing behaviour that deviates from the terminal behaviour
Explanation: shaping procedure is the process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior. It usually starts by reinforcing a behaviour that the individual already has and in some way related to the terminal (desired) behaviour; this is the first approximaion. After this is strengthened, the reinforcement is extinguished and then the next behaviour which is a closer approximation is strengthened and eventually extinguished.
This process continues with each approximation closer to the terminal behaviour until the terminal behaviour is achieved. For every step or approximation, the previous reinforcement has to be extinguished in order to move the process closer to the end goal, which is the terminal (desired) behaviour.
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It allowed them to travel at a decent price, possibly to an area with better job opportunities.
I'm not positive what the question is asking but during that time period Rome was a Republic, which is similar to a democracy
