Answer:
Phospholipid bilayer
Explanation:
Liposomes are vesicles are spherical in shape. They consist of at least one phospholipd bilayer most especially phosphatidycholine. Liposomes are artficial vesicles similar to a membrane, because it has an hydrophilic core surrounded by a hydrophobic lipid bilayer.
Liposomes are artificial prepared and are used for the transportation of substances like drugs and nutrients between cell parts, outside of the cell and into the cell.
In liposomal drug delivery, the liposome fuses with other internal cell membranes at the site of action and releases its liposomal content.
Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction or rather an asexual reproduction common in most prokaryotes.
This function happens when the organism divides itself producing another replica of its genetic material and now altogether as the organism itself.
Examples:
Bacteria
<span>archaebacteria</span>
Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
Answer:
The inward flow of sodium ions increases the concentration of positively charged cations in the cell and causes depolarization, where the potential of the cell is higher than the cell's resting potential. The sodium channels close at the peak of the action potential, while potassium continues to leave the cell.
Explanation:
hope this helps
What is the average number of white blood cells found per cubic millimeter of blood?
7,000
I'm not sure if right I ask my sister she is a cna
