You work it backwards.
-- If there were 4 children and each child got 4 pieces,
then the children got (4 x 4) = 16 pieces altogether.
-- That's what was left after he took 2 pieces for himself.
So he started with (16 + 2) = <em>18 pieces</em>.
Split up the integration interval into 4 subintervals:
![\left[0,\dfrac\pi8\right],\left[\dfrac\pi8,\dfrac\pi4\right],\left[\dfrac\pi4,\dfrac{3\pi}8\right],\left[\dfrac{3\pi}8,\dfrac\pi2\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cleft%5B0%2C%5Cdfrac%5Cpi8%5Cright%5D%2C%5Cleft%5B%5Cdfrac%5Cpi8%2C%5Cdfrac%5Cpi4%5Cright%5D%2C%5Cleft%5B%5Cdfrac%5Cpi4%2C%5Cdfrac%7B3%5Cpi%7D8%5Cright%5D%2C%5Cleft%5B%5Cdfrac%7B3%5Cpi%7D8%2C%5Cdfrac%5Cpi2%5Cright%5D)
The left and right endpoints of the
-th subinterval, respectively, are


for
, and the respective midpoints are

We approximate the (signed) area under the curve over each subinterval by

so that

We approximate the area for each subinterval by

so that

We first interpolate the integrand over each subinterval by a quadratic polynomial
, where

so that

It so happens that the integral of
reduces nicely to the form you're probably more familiar with,

Then the integral is approximately

Compare these to the actual value of the integral, 3. I've included plots of the approximations below.
C
A line with undefined slope is a vertical line parallel to the y-axis, passing through all points with the same x-coordinate.
For this reason it's equation is x = c
where c is the value of the x-coordinate the line passes through
For (- 3, 5 ) the x-coordinate is - 3, hence
x = - 3 → is the equation of the line
God loves all of you, remember that oK. Thts really all u need in life <3 7 if u know answer in comments - 8400(3)2t= H is