Answer:
A proton gradient is generated by the transport of protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Protons move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, the environment is made acidic inside the lumen i.e. H⁺ are pumped into thylakoid lumen from stroma as a result of which more H⁺ are present in the thylakoid lumen as compared to stroma. It happens during light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The concentration of H⁺ is already higher in lumen and transfer of more and more H⁺ from stroma increases the concentration of H⁺ even more leading to generation of a potential gradient. These H⁺ subsequently tend to move freely from lumen to stroma via "reverse pumps known as ATP synthase". The reason why these are known as reverse pumps is because pumps usually move particles from lower to higher concentration which is an active movement i.e. not natural so such movement requires energy. Naturally particles move from higher to lower concentration gradient until the concentration becomes equal on both the sides but pumps act opposite of this natural process and move particles from lower to higher concentration and utilize energy to do it. But here H⁺ are moving from higher to lower concentration which occurs naturally so ATP synthase rather than using energy tend to generate energy and this free energy is used to generate ATP from ADP & Pi (inorganic phosphate).
Answer:
This is an incomplete question without the options.
Here are the options to pick from
DY
PLAY
Upgrade to remove adverts
Only $1/month
Within a six-base DNA recognition sequence, an enzyme that cuts between the 3rd and 4th bases from the 5' end will generate blunt ends.
a)True
b)False
a) True
What is the function of restriction endonucleases in bacteria?
a) They serve no function.
b)They allow bacteria to genetically recombine with other bacteria.
c) They allow bacteria to engineer new DNA fragments.
d)They provide a defense mechanism against infection by viruses.
Our answer is surely D
d)They provide a defense mechanism against infection by viruses.
Explanation:
Restriction enzyme/restriction endonuclease:
Are produced by bacteria for cleaveing DNA at specific sites. Restriction enzymes cleave foreign DNA in the bacterial cell to fight against infecting organisms.
Pls Note:
Restriction enzyme are used by
bacteria to defend against bacterial viruses called bacteriophages or phages
Answer:38 ATP
Explanation: It produces a total of 38 ATP, with a single molecule of Glucose
This is because meiosis reduces the total number of chromosomes to half its original number
