Answer:
Antibiotics are compounds produced by bacteria and fungi which are capable of killing, or inhibiting, competing microbial species. ... But it was not until 1928 that penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming, Professor of Bacteriology at St.
Answer:
In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. They can be either of the same species (intraspecific interactions), or of different species (interspecific interactions).
Explanation:
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Sugar is sucrose and a carbohydrate. It's made up of 3 elements. 12 atoms of carbon, 22 atoms of hydrogen, and 11 atoms of oxygen. (C^12H^22O^11)
The plasma membrane of the enveloped alga cell serves as the source of the apicoplast's second outermost membrane.
<h3>Where did all chloroplasts come from?</h3>
Chloroplasts were first established in eukaryotes through an endosymbiotic relationship with a cyanobacterium; they later spread through the evolution of eukaryotic hosts and the subsequent engulfment of eukaryotic algae by formerly nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes.
<h3>How did eukaryotic cells develop mitochondria and chloroplasts?</h3>
Chloroplasts and mitochondria most likely developed from engulfed bacteria that once existed as autonomous organisms. An aerobic bacterium was eventually swallowed by a eukaryotic cell, which later established an endosymbiotic bond with the host eukaryote and gradually transformed into a mitochondrion.
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