1. Which individuals are most likely to die before reproducing, those with adaptive traits or

Consider the following reaction: CH3OH(g)⇌CO(g)+2H2(g) Part A Calculate ΔG for this reaction at 25 ∘C under the following condit

kati45 [8]

<u>Answer:</u> The $\Delta G$ of the reaction at given temperature is -12.964 kJ/mol.

<u>Explanation:</u>

For the given chemical reaction:

$CH_3OH(g)\rightleftharpoons CO(g)+2H_2(g)$

The expression of $K_p$ for the given reaction:

$K_p=\frac{(p_{CO})\times (p_{H_2}^2)}{p_{CH_3OH}}$

We are given:

$p_{CO}=0.140atm\\p_{H_2}=0.180atm\\p_{CH_3OH}=0.850atm$

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$K_p=\frac{(0.140)\times (0.180)^2}{0.850}\\\\K_p=5.34\times 10^{-3}$

To calculate the Gibbs free energy of the reaction, we use the equation:

$\Delta G=\Delta G^o+RT\ln K_p$

where,

$\Delta G$ = Gibbs' free energy of the reaction = ?

$\Delta G^o$ = Standard gibbs' free energy change of the reaction = 0 J (at equilibrium)

R = Gas constant = $8.314J/K mol$

T = Temperature = $25^oC=[25+273]K=298K$

$K_p$ = equilibrium constant in terms of partial pressure = $5.34\times 10^{-3}$

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$\Delta G=0+(8.314J/K.mol\times 298K\times \ln(5.34\times 10^{-3}))\\\\\Delta G=-12963.96J/mol=-12.964kJ/mol$

Hence, the $\Delta G$ of the reaction at given temperature is -12.964 kJ/mol.

5 0

2 years ago

Which of the following most accurately represents John Dalton’s model of the atom? A. a tiny, solid sphere with an unpredictable

valkas [14]

The most accurately represented John Dalton's model of the atom is: C. a tiny, solid sphere with a predictable mass for a given element

<h3>Further explanation</h3>

The development of atomic theory starts from the first term conveyed by Greek scientists who suggested that every substance has the smallest particles so that the word atomos appears, which means it cannot be divided. So, John Dalton, a British scientist put forward the hypothesis about atoms, among others:

1. The elements are composed of atoms which are small particles which cannot be subdivided

2. Atoms that make up the same element have the same properties, mass, and size, while for different elements, the properties are also different

3. Compounds are composed of two or more atoms in a fixed ratio

4. In chemical reactions, atoms after and before a reaction cannot be destroyed, only separation and reassembly occur

Point 3 shows the relationship with The Law of Constant Composition of Proust so that further research on atoms is more developed

Dalton's hypothesis is described as a solid sphere like a very small shot put ball or a bowling ball based on Dalton's hobby in bowling

<h3>Learn more</h3>

Bohr's model of the atom

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Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment

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The part of an atom that is mostly empty space

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Keywords: atom, Dalton, a solid sphere, The Law of Constant Composition

5 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Wolff-kishner reduction (hydrazine, koh, ethylene glycol, 130°c) of the compound shown gave compound

telo118 [61]

The scheme is shown below, the steps involved are as follow,

Step one: Reduction:
The carbonyl group of given compound on reduction using Wolf Kishner reagent converts the carbonyl group into -CH₂- group.

Step two: Epoxidation:
The double bond present in starting compound when treated with m-CPBA (<span>meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid) gives corrsponding epoxide.

Step three: Reduction:
The epoxide is reduced to alcohol on treatment with Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LiAlH</span>₄)<span> followed by hydrolysis.

Step four: Oxidation:
The hydroxyl group (alcohol) is oxidized to carbonyl (ketonic group) using oxidizing agent Chromic acid (H</span>₂CrO₄).