All categories

2 years ago

Which of the following are NOT functions of the spinal cord?

Biology

2 answers:

svetlana [45]2 years ago

6 0

Answer:

Protecting neurons in both ascending and descending

Explanation:

maksim [4K]2 years ago

4 0

Answer:

Reflexes are not a function of the spinal cord.

Explanation:

The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system and is made up of neurons that go along it (from the end of the brain stem almost to the bottom of the spine).

The spinal cord receives incoming messages from the peripheral nervous system (including the sensory neurons) and pass on messages from the brain to efferent neurons (motor neurons at muscles).

The spinal cord contributes to learning as it passes on the info received from sensory neurons (that there is an obstacle in the path) to the brain and passes on the response from the brain to the muscles (to lift the foot up higher).

The spinal cord is essential for integration as it passes on sensory information to the brain to determine motor output.

Reflexes are when sensory information is quickly sent straight to motor neurons to move. It does not need to go to the brain (hence does not need to go to the spinal cord) for the reaction as it would be too slow. This is seen when someone who is paraplegic (paralysed at lower torso) can still move their leg in response to the doctor tapping their knee even when they cannot forcibly move their legs.

Therefore reflexes are not a function of the spinal cord.

You might be interested in

An environmental change causes a decrease in the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the pond water. Explain why this change w

sleet_krkn [62]

Answer:

during the tadpole stage, they relie on the oxygen in the water to live, unlike frogs in the adult stage who can use the oxygen in the air on land

Explanation:

4 0

3 years ago

If you treated embryos with a Notch inhibitor how would this affect the specification of venous and arterial endothelial cells?

Alisiya [41]

Answer:

d. all endothelial cells would be venous

Explanation:

The Notch signaling pathway is a cell signaling system which consist basically of 4 NOTCH genes ( NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, and NOTCH4) each of them having the information to build a particular cell membrane receptor protein.

It has been demonstrated in zebrafish embryos that Notch signaling are highly determinant factors during vascular development, and a key function of these genes was specifically to regulate the differentiation of arterial fate in endothelial cells.

Notch signaling-deficient embryos showed a loss of expression of arterial markers such as ephrinB2 from arterial vessels with an accompanying expansion of venous markers into normally arterial domains. In contrast, embryos in which Notch signaling had been ectopically activated, meaning an activation out of "proper" place (where not expected, e.g. venous endothelial), exhibited the contrary phenotype, this is a suppression of vein-specific markers with ectopic expression of arterial markers in venous vessels.

To summarize, when Notch is supressed (in this case inhibited with a specific Notch inhibitor) arterial fate of endothelium is not followed, and venous fate is stablished. Thus, endothelial cells (those expected to form venous tissues but also arterial ones) would specified as venous.

4 0

2 years ago

Henry was studying two populations of the same species of lizards. One population lived on an island and the other lived on the

Arisa [49]

The answer is B. Genetic drift greatly affects small populations, but large populations can recover.

3 0

3 years ago

Which three factors affect the formation of magma?

weeeeeb [17]

Temperature, pressure and composition.

5 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

_____ occur early in the sleep cycle during non-rem sleep and are characterized by a state of panic.

densk [106]

There is one choice missing from this question:

<span>a. narcoleptic fits
b. nightmares
c. apnea episodes
d. night terrors*

The correct answer is "night terrors". Night terrors are intense feelings at the first half of non-REM sleep that is characterized by fear, horror, trembling, shaking. Night terrors are different from nightmares as there are physical effects carried out from night terrors upon waking up such as screaming, crying, and sudden movements.</span>

7 0

3 years ago