E.
It gives a very precise question which will give much data.
1) You have vertical angles here. This means the big and small triangles are similar, meaning the ratio of corresponding sides of the two triangles are equal.
In this case, 32cm corresponds to 4cm and 40cm corresponds to x. To find x, set up the ratio as follows: 4/32 = x/40.
4/32 can be reduce to 1/8. Multiply each side by 40 to isolate x. you get 1/8 * 40
This yields x = 5 cm
2) set up a proportion, similar to the first question.
(x + 4)/8 = (2x + 1)/12
12(x + 4) = 8(2x + 1)
12x + 48 = 16x + 8
40 = 4x
x = 10
the length of BC is (x + 4) + (2x + 1) = 3x + 5
this means BC = 35
From the given points on the graph we can find which function represents this graph.
A point on the graph is (3, 1). This means if we substitute x = 3 the answer must be 1.
The property of log is that

This suggests, if the base of log is equal to the number for which we are finding the log, the answer must be 1.
So, in this case we have:

Since the answer is 1, the base of log must be 3.
In the given options, only option 3rd is with base 3.
So, the correct answer is option 3.