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photoshop1234 [79]
3 years ago
14

This is the term for the weather patterns that an area experiences over a long period of time ​

Biology
1 answer:
pantera1 [17]3 years ago
4 0

Climate is defined as an area's long-term weather patterns. The simplest way to describe climate is to look at average temperature and precipitation over time.

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The Offspring produced by a cross between two given types of plants can be any of the three genotypes denoted by A, B, and C. A
ratelena [41]

Complete question:

The offspring produced between two given types of plants can be any of the three genotypes, denoted by A, B and C. A theoretical model of gene inheritance suggests that the offspring of types A, B and C should be in a 1:2:1 ratio (meaning 25% A, 50% B, and 25% C). For experimental verification, 100 plants are bred by crossing the two given types. Their genetic classifications are recorded in the table below.

<em><u>Genotype       Observed frequency</u></em>

    A             →        18 individuals

    B             →        55 individuals

    C             →        27 individuals

Do these contradict the genetic model?  

Use a 0.05 level of significance.

Determine the chi-square test statistic.

Answer:

Do these contradict the genetic model? No, according to the chi-square test, there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis of the population being in equilibrium.  

Explanation:

<u>Available data</u>:

  • Crossed genotypes: two
  • Genotypes among the offspring; Three → A, B, and C
  • Expected phenotypic ratio → 1:2:1
  • Total number of individuals, N = 100
  • A = 18 individuals
  • B = 55 individuals
  • C = 27 individuals

So, let us first state the hypothesis:

  • H₀= the population is equilibrium for this locus → F(A) = 25%,  F(B) = 50%, F(C) = 25%  
  • H₁ = the population is not in equilibrium

Now, let us calculate the number of expected individuals, according to their expected ratio.

4 -------------- 100% -------------100 individuals

1 ---------------  25% -------------X = 25 individuals A

2 --------------  50% -------------X = 50 individuals B

1----------------- 25%--------------X = 25 individuals C

<u>                                                   A                             B                           C</u>

  • Observed                         18                            55                         27
  • Expected                         25                           50                         25
  • (Obs-Exp)²/Exp                1.96                        0.5                        0.16

<u>(Obs-Exp)²/Exp</u>

A)  (18 - 25)²/25 = 49/25 = 1.96

B)  (55 - 50)² / 50 = 25/50 = 0.5

C)  (27 - 25)²/25 = 4/25 = 0.16

Chi square = X² = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp  

  • ∑ is the sum of the terms
  • O are the Observed individuals: 2 in chamber B, and 18 in chamber A.  
  • E are the Expected individuals: 10 in each chamber  

X² = ∑ ((O-E)²/E) = 1.96 + 0.5 + 0.16 = 2.62

Freedom degrees = 2

Significance level, 5% = 0.05  

Table value/Critical value = 5.99

X² < Critical value

2.62 < 5.99    

<em>These results suggest that there is </em><u><em>not enough evidence to reject</em></u><em> the null hypothesis. We can assume that </em><u><em>the locus under study in this population is in equilibrium H-W.  </em></u>

 

6 0
3 years ago
Which of the following statements about the functional consequences of single base-pair mutations are TRUE? Select the three cor
Alchen [17]

Answer:

these statements are true

B) Insertions or deletions of single base-pairs within a protein coding sequence probably change the amino acid sequence

D) Missense mutations always change the amino acid sequence encoded by a gene

E) Nucleotide substitutions outside of the coding sequence can affect the expression of a gene.

Explanation:

B) insertion or deletion of nucleotide in coding region of DNA can change the amino acid sequence encoded.

D) missense mutation means that the change in nucleotide sequence resulting in change in amino acid sequence encoded by gene.

E) A mutation may alter the promoter of a gene, thereby affecting the rate of transcription.

6 0
2 years ago
Researchers studying yeast discovered that, for some mutants, when the temperature at which the cells are grown is elevated from
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Answer:

The correct answer is the last statement.

Explanation:

In the mentioned case, the gathering of unsecreted protein has been witnessed in distinct locations, that is, in the endoplasmic reticulum, in the vesicles near the plasma membrane, and in the Golgi complex. Thus, it can be stated that the unsecreted protein will get gathered at a particular location at a particular temperature.  

Hence, the correct statement is that different temperature-sensitive mutations influence different phases of the transport process.  

7 0
3 years ago
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