Answer:
Which of the following mechanisms is used by gram-negative bacteria to cross the blood-brain barrier? D) Inducing TNF
Explanation:
The blood brain barrier is a barrier formed by brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes. Pathogens can cross this barrier by using different mechanisms. The Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is the way gram-negative bacteria cross this mentioned blood-brain barrier.
20. The answer is 1 (Precambrian)
21. The answer is 4 (Pennsylvanian)
22. The answer is 2 (Bony Fishes, Dinosaurs, and Mammals)
23. The answer is 2 (Reptiles)
Plantae: Autotrophic, Multi- or Monocellular, have cell walls as well as a membrane, have a chloroplast making the characteristic green color and to capture sunlight for photosynthesis. Break down generated glucose into it's components.
Animalia: Heterotrophic, Multi- or Monocellular, have a cell membrane made of a phospholipid bilayer, and many mitochondria to aid with movement energy. Feed on plants or other animals. Eukaryotic cells.
Fungi: Heterotrophic, most Multicellular, have a rigid cell wall made of chitin, specialized cells to aid with decomposition of dead organic matter. Eukaryotic cells.
Protista: Can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like. Most are single-celled, may be chemosynthetic or photosynthetic. Eukaryotic cells.
Archeabacteria: Prokaryotic. Do not have nuclei or membrane-bound organelles. Move around using a flagellum to propel itself. Lives in mainly fluid environments (air, water). Separated from Eubacteria due to it's high tolerance of extreme conditions, such as high salinity, no oxygen, burning heat, or freezing cold. Can be chemosynthetic or anaerobic, as well as aerobic.
Eubacteria: Normal, everyday bacteria. Prokaryotic, chemosynthetic, anaerobic, or aerobic. Do not have nuclei or membrane-bound organelles. Mobile using a flagellum to propel itself.
Grounds are located where warm and
cold currents converge, where warm and cold currents meet happens to have
regular foggy conditions, as the overlying warm and cold air come in contact
with each other. They also tend to have high biological productivity, because
plankton growth is encourage by the mixing of warm and cold currents. Some of
the world's most productive fishing.
