Classical or scientific management was developed by Frederick Taylor, Max Weber and Henri Fayol. It focused on material needs. Companies needed to improve profits by improving productivity and efficiency, while workers were supposed to be only motivated by the salary that they could earn. This theory has a lot of flaws, but you must remember that it was developed more than 100 years ago.
<h2>The answer, in this case,would be option D. given in the answer choice or closed.</h2>
Explanation:
A closed system strategy basically signifies a confined and a non transparent business strategy which is characterized by a limited interaction between the concerned company or business organizations and its customers.
Under the closed system, the companies or business organizations often stick to their traditional or conventional products and services and are usually not open or receptive to contemporary and recent market trends and patterns adopted by their competitors.
In this case, Print and Copy mostly relies on their selling existing product lines which have traditionally yielded higher revenue and consolidated company's market share in the industry in comparison to its market competitors. It also doesn't depend much on product modification based on respective customer feedback and reviews to enhance customer satisfaction and market goodwill or reputation,thereby,exhibiting infrequent and limited business and customer interaction.
Union stewards is what they call the one who represent
the interest of the union members in their immediate supervisor and other members
of the management. Union stewards are full-time employees at the workplace and
generally are not paid by the union.
