Pectinate muscles are parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart. The name is due to their resemblance to the teeth of a comb (pecten). The heart is the organ pumps blood to all parts of the body. It is made up of four chambers, that is, right and left ventricles, left and right atria, and the blood vessels, Pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta, and venacava. An auricles are pouch like structure that increase the total filling capacity of the atrium and also increase the volume of blood that an atrium is able to contain.
Answer:
The electron transport chain may be defined as the sequential steps of the oxidation and reduction of the cytochromes. The electron transport chain is important for the production of ATP.
The gramicidn protein is an ionophoric antibiotic that can affect the electron transport system. The electron transport rate, oxygen uptake and proton pumping remains the same as more hydrogen ions will enter in the cell. But the ATP synthesis rate might decrease and completely stop by using gramicidin.
An easy way to tell is if the trait is or isn’t in every generation. If a trait skips a generation, it’s most likely recessive.
