Question

A hospital gives a survey to all surgical patients asking them to rate the quality of their hospital experience. One month after surgery, the hospital contacts the patients again to ask if there were any complications from the surgery. Last year, the results of the surveys showed that of the patients who had a poor hospital experience, 40% had post-surgical complications. What conclusion can be drawn from this study? Poor hospital experiences cause post-surgical complications. Some patients who have a poor hospital experience also have post-surgical complications. Post-surgical complications cause poor hospital experiences. Most patients who have a poor hospital experience also have post-surgical complications.

Answer 1

The answer is B: Some patients who have a poor hospital experience also have post-surgical complications.

This because this can't be a cause and effect because it's a survey study, and only 40% of the people who have poor hospital experience also have post-surgical complications.