The Henderson-Hasselbalch approximation is for conjugate acid-base pairs in a buffered solution. We're going to call HA a weak acid, and A- its conjugate base. The equation is as follows:
pH = pKa + log([base]/[acid]), where the brackets imply concentrations
Plugging in our symbols and the pKa value, the equation becomes:
pH = 4.874 + log([A-]/[HA])
<span>A
substance can absorb or release heat energy by the process of radiation,
convection, or conduction. Radiation refers to the transfer of energy through emission
of electromagnetic waves or the movement of particles. An example of radiation
is the Sun’s rays. This type of heat transfer does not require direct contact between
objects. Convection, on the other hand, involves the hotter fluid rising while
the colder fluid sinks. Convection occurs when you boil water in a pan. Lastly,
conduction is a heat transfer that occurs as a result of temperature difference
between two objects in contact. Heat is transferred from the hotter region to
the colder region. Conduction occurs when ice melts in your hands. </span>
The correct answer is A, Volume
