Sex linkage is a phenotypic expression where certain traits are expressed together with the sex gene. They are said to be linked to the sex genes. These include, Colour blindness, hemophilia among other traits. In this case if the mother is a carier (XcXC) and the father who is normal (XcY). This means the offsprings will be a carier daughter ,normal daughter, normal son and a color blind son.
D - RR or Rr
This is because red is a dominant trait, thus causing it to overpower a recessive trait or r, white. Therefore, if any genotype contains a capital R or the dominant trait of red, then the flower should ultimately display a phenotype of red.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
In the electron-transport chain in chloroplasts,<u> low</u> energy electrons are taken from <u>H20 (Water)</u>.