Question

When cal first attended college, he either barely passed or failed almost all his courses despite his best efforts. after working at a low-paying job for a couple of years, cal has returned to school. overwhelmed with the demands of exams, term papers, library assignments, and the need to concentrate on his studies, cal finds himself procrastinating and engaging in other self-defeating passive behaviors. this example illustrates the phenomenon of:?

Answer 1

I believe the answer is: Learned helplessness
Learned helplessness refers to a condition when a certain organism (including human) is exposed to a situation where it's forced to constantly experience unavoidable negative stimuli (i.e: pain).
Overtime, this would most likely make that organism to accept its fate without making any effort to avoid the negative stimuli again.