Answer:
5. Circled in red on attachment
6. Green arrows on attachment
7. Orange box in the attachment
8. Circled red on attachment
9. Blue boxes on attachment
10. Black line on attachment
11. It has already disassociated
12. Purple rectangle in attachment
13. GAC
14. Leucine
Explanation:
I think most of this worksheet is to be completed on your own model of transcription that you have made, however, I will label the diagram
5. tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome. They are recognisable by their "cloverleaf" shape. In the picture, you can see that they are attached to amino acids (and you can even see some in the ribosome). The codons are on the opposite side of the tRNA to the amino acid, and are 3 bases complementary to the codon on the mRNA, represented here as 3 rectangles.
6. As described above, you can see some tRNAs in the ribosome. These tRNAs have paired up with complementary codons on the mRNA strand via their anti-codons. This is indicated by the green arrow. This is how the mRNA dictates the sequence of the polypeptide chain and makes protein
7. I think this question is just checking you know where the amino acid goes. The amino acid is attached to the opposite site of the anti-codon indicated in the image.
8. The anticodon in the tRNA has been indicated in question 5. Anticodons refer to three bases that are complementary to a specific codon on mRNA, and specify a particular amino acid
9. Each codon refers to each triplet of nucleotides in the mRNA. I have indicated this as blue boxes on the mRNA transcript. You can tell where they are based on where the tRNA is binding, always in 3s
10. See the black line, this is a called a peptide bond, and is the bond that joins together the amino acids in a growing polypeptide chain. I have drawn it between the first two amino acids in the second image. The amino acids represent a string of molecules linked using this peptide bond, which is a covalent bond formed by a condensation reaction
11. The first tRNA is not shown in the second diagram because the peptide bond has already formed between Valine and Histidine, so the tRNA that brought Valine to the machinery has disassociated from Valine and the ribosome. It is then free to bind another Valine and join in other translation processes
12. The third codon is CUG. We can see the first codon is GUG, then CAU, and the next is CUG. This is labelled with a purple rectangle in the attachment
13. Base pairing rules state that C pairs with G, and that A pairs with U (or T on DNA). The codon is CUG, therefore the anti-codon must be GAC
14. Each codon corresponds to a particular amino acid sequence. The codon CUG corresponds to the amino acid Leucine. You can find this using a codon table, like the one attached here
