Identical and obviously duplicated gene sequences have gotten from one chromosome to another by chromosomal translocation.
In terms of genetics, a translocation takes place when chromosome fragments and the (often two) fragmented portions reassociate with other chromosomes. For the diagnosis of several genetic diseases and syndromes, the finding of chromosomal translocations can be crucial.
Multigene families are groups of related or identical genes that have developed by gene duplication. It is thought that a single ancestral gene was duplicated and varied to create multigene families. The multigene families that code for actins, hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, tubulins, interferons, histones, etc. are a few examples.
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The five proteins of the myofilaments are the following:
<span>1.
</span>Myosin, shaped like a golf club, with two
polypeptides intertwined to form a shaftlike tail and a double globular head,
or cross-bridge, projecting from it at an angle.
<span>2. </span>Fibrous actin is like a bead necklace—a string
of subunits called globular (G) actin. Each G actin has an active site that can
bind to the head of a myosin molecule.
<span>3. </span>Tropomyosin. It blocks the active sites of six
or seven G actins and prevents myosin cross-bridges from binding to them when a
muscle fiber is relaxed.
<span>4. </span>Troponin a smaller calcium-binding protein bound
to each tropomyosin molecule.
<span>5. </span>Titin (connectin), run through the core of a
thick filament, emerge from the end of it, and connect it to a structure called
the Z disc.
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