Answer:
A.
Step-by-step explanation:
distance from the sun makes how hot or cold it is
The Jacobian for this transformation is

with determinant
, hence the area element becomes

Then the integral becomes

where
is the unit circle,

so that

Now you could evaluate the integral as-is, but it's really much easier to do if we convert to polar coordinates.

Then

Answer:
-0.5
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer is linear function
It's top left