To enforce societal norms, formally.
Conservatives placed the blame for the increasing permissiveness in society on campus rebels and counter culture. The correct option among all the options that are provided in the question is option "d". It was the time for a change and the Conservatives had trouble digesting these kind of changes.
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The risks of harm in behavioral or social research are psychological, economic, social and legal in nature. In rare cases there may be a risk of physical harm – a study of victims of physical abuse may be subject to retaliatory violence.