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Answer:
Cellular membranes or plasma membranes has many functions. Some of these include regulation of cellular transport, and responding to cellular signals or hormones.
<h2>Cellular Transport</h2>
The plasma membrane is made up of the <u>phospholipid bilayer with embedded transmembrane proteins</u>. This makes the cell membrane <u>semi-permeable</u>. Movements of substances depend on the composition of the molecules e.g. glucose and amino acids, as needed by the pancreatic cells. These are larger and uncharged molecules and can't pass freely through the membrane so they utilize the transmembrane proteins via attaching to carrier proteins. This is called <em>passive transport</em>. On the other hand, in <em>active transport</em>, <u>ATP is used</u> to transfer molecules, like Hydrogen, from a low to high electrochemical gradient.
Other kinds of cellular transport are:
- Osmosis and diffusion
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
<h2>Cellular Signalling</h2>
The cell membrane is able to signal other neighboring cells by utilizing complex proteins. These proteins may take form as receptors or markers.
<h3>Membrane Receptors</h3>
They act as receivers of extracellular signals and spark intracellular processes. These receive signals from hormones, growth factors, etc.
<h3>
Membrane Markers </h3>
These allow the cells to identify each other and respond if this cell is needs further development as in organ development, or a foreign body to the system.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The kingdom Protist and kingdom Fungi has some members that reproduce asexually. Asexual mode of reproduction can be defined as the process by which formation of zygote takes place without the involvement of male and female gametes.
The amoeba and paramecium divides by binary fission and the new individuals formed are identical to their parents.
Some species of fungi also reproduce asexually. Example: zoospores
Answer:
Deforestation
Climate Change
Invasive Species
Explanation:
Seventy percent of the Earth's plant and animals dwell in forests, and deforestation affects them directly. Once their habitat is lost, they are on their way to extinction.
Climate change also causes extinctions not only as a result of species intolerance to high temperature, but more commonly via a variety of related factors that alter a species’ interactions with other species.
Invasive species invade foreign territory. They use resources that the other species depend on. Then naturally one of the species will die off.
