I believe it’s option a sorry if I’m incorrect though
Answer:
<em>When a queen gets old or weak and slows her production of queen substance, she is generally replaced by a new queen. New queens are also produced in colonies about to swarm. Virgin queen bees take what is known as a "nuptial flight" sometime within the first week or two after emerging from the pupal chamber.</em>
The parent plant produced asexually because offspring from asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent.
I would go with B & D because they change over time and they can go extinct like those big octopus in the oceans, they are rare to see in my opinion because they can blend in with other things that keeps them away from danger.