Answer:
c. A single enzyme typically reacts with many different substrates.
Explanation:
Enzymes are proteins that have catalytic activity and they are specific. This means that a single enzyme has only one specific substrate. They act as a "lock and key" complex, so one substrate activates to one enzyme.
Also, enzymes accelerate the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Finally, they can act in an aqueous environment, so the answer is c.
Answer:
Phenotypic changes:
When Rhodobacter is cultured in total darkness for multiple generations, the ability to produce it's own photopigment reduces with time with little or no ability to undergo its own photosynthesis due to absence of enzymes or pigment for photosynthesis.
It becomes expensive for the Rhodobacter to undergo photosynthesis. This allows mutants that can grow in the dark to take over from the culture grown in the dark.
Evolutionary processes:
It's natural selection that allows the fittest organism to survive. As in the case of the mutants
The body's nonspecific defiance against invading pathogens is known as innate immunity and includes the following:
mechanical barriers and surface secretions
1. The intact skin and mucous membranes of the body. These provide a high degree of protection against pathogens.
2. The sebaceous secretions and sweat of the skin contain bactericidal and fungicidal fatty acids that can kill bacteria and fungi.
3. Normal bacterial flora of the skin may produce various antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocines and acids.
Humoral defence mechanisms
1. Lysozyme. This is an enzyme found in most tissue fluids apart from cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and sweat. It can kill bacteria.
2. Interferon. Inhibits viruses from replicating
3. Complement. This is a heat labile serum that can destroy gram-negative bacteria.
Answer:
compound light microscope
Explanation:
an amoeba is a microscopic unicellular protist
C. When there is an equal number of molecules on each side
