The correct answer is option B. i.e. the number of protons is increased.
In beta-particle emission, a neutron is changed into proton, electron and electron neutrino. The electron is emitted as beta particle and the proton remains inside the atom. Thus, the mass number remains same but the atomic number increases by one.
Answer:
a) and d) are false.
Explanation:
a) The second law of thermodynamics states that t<u>he entropy of the universe increases in a spon
taneous process and remains unchanged in an equilibrium process.</u>
For a spontaneous process:
ΔSuniv = ΔSsys + ΔSsurr > 0
For a spontaneous process, the second law says that ΔSuniv must be greater than zero, but it does not place a restriction on either ΔSsys or ΔSsurr. Thus, it is possible for either ΔSsys or ΔSsurr to be negative, as long as the sum of these two quantities is greater than zero.
d) <u>A reaction that does occur under the given set of conditions is called a</u> spontaneous reaction. We observe spontaneous physical and chemical processes every day, including many of the following examples:
• A waterfall runs downhill, but never up, spontaneously.
• A lump of sugar spontaneously dissolves in a cup of coffee, but dissolved sugar does not spontaneously reappear in its original form.
• Heat flows from a hotter object to a colder one, but the reverse never happens spontaneously.
The number of moles of gas in the sample of chlorine gas is calculated by use of ideal gas equation
that is PV=nRT
n=number of moles
R= gas constant ( 62.36367 l.torr/k.mol)
P=pressure
V=volume
from ideal gas equation n= PV/RT
n= (328 x5.0)/ ( 62.36367 x310)= 0.085 moles
<span>The answer is Potassium-40</span>
