Their refusal to do any type of military service.
Answer: The Northern states held mixed views on slavery.
Explanation: The abolitionists opposed slavery and its expansion while some others only sought to limit slavery to the South. Some of the workers in the North who feared that freed slaves might move north to claim their jobs also supported the continuation of slavery. A lot of northern business owners also favored slavery because they profited from it.
However, even those who were not abolitionists opposed the Fugitive Slave Act (which required that all escaped slaves, upon capture, be returned to their masters and that officials and citizens of free states had to cooperate) because the law required them to support slavery. Many Northerners simply refused to comply with the law while others continued to help shelter and transport escaped slaves on the Underground Railroad.
Answer:
The 13th Amendment.
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Explanation: The 13th amendment stated that the only time American citizens could be enslaved was for punishment for a crime. This law had a particularly adverse effect on African Americans, as they were often wrongfully criminalized and incarcerated at a much higher rate. So in essence, they often remained slaves when they were incarcerated. Before the Civil War slave codes were implemented in the south to restrict the movement of slaves. These laws (for example) stopped slaves from gathering together in groups at churches, from bearing arms and from reading and writing. The idea was to perpetuate and maintain the system of slavery. After the war was over southerners passed Black Codes, which were laws that greatly restricted the lives of free Blacks. After slaves were free, southerners were upset and tried to put Black people back into a position that was as close to slavery as possible. The Black Codes would eventually evolve into Jim Crow laws, which was a system of laws that criminalized Blackness and insured they would be incarcerated and lose their freedom for the most minor of offenses. The primary thing Jim Crow laws did was enforce a system of legal segregation all throughout the south for many years. Its legacy still has a great impact on the US today.
The ancient Egypt workers were paid in products, such was grain becuase gold and metal would be scarce if they were all paid with gold.
Answer:
By taxing the American colonists
