These structures are called Vestigial structures, they resemble structures from the organism's ancestors, but don't have a real purpose for them now.
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The difference between cytoplasm and cellcytoplasm is jelly like fluid part of the protoplasm
In observing, we have our 5 senses (smell, taste, touch, see, hear) meaning scientists uses their 5 senses to be able to have a prediction or a hypothesis about the problem.