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Masja [62]
3 years ago
15

According to slide 12, what is the relationship between opportunistic infections and the number of T cells a person has? Explain

with science from the lecture given.
Biology
1 answer:
podryga [215]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

The fewer number of T cells a person has, the more chances to be affected by an opportunistic infection. When the number of T cells reaches 200 cells/µl, the person is at risk of being infected by other infections.  

Explanation:

The whole immune system of a person who is infected with HIV infection seems to be severely affected.  When the person is not treated or the disease is in a very advanced stage, the depletion of the T- cells turns to be very sharped, especially CD4+ T cells. At this point, the immune system can not resist the attack of other microorganisms. The <em>lower is the number of CD4+ T Cells, the higher possibility the person has to be attacked by opportunistic infections. </em>

Classically, it has been suggested that opportunistic infections appear after the CD4 + T lymphocytes reach very low levels, such as 200 cells/µl. The number of circulating T cells can be used as an indicator and a measure of global "immune competence", and the previously mentioned amount of CD4 + T cells is an accepted universal reference used to predict the risk of having one of these opportunistic infections.

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As part of maintaining homeostasis, why are hormones, secreted by endocrine cells, continuously inactivated?
IceJOKER [234]

Answer:

Homeostasis refer to as the maintainence of equillibrium within the body. Endocrine systems play a major role in maintainence of equillibrium. The hormones released are continuously inactivated by negative feeback system to maintain homeostsis.

Explanation:

Homeostasis in a body is refered as a dynamic equillibrium which constantly changes. Feedback regulation systems maintain homeosatsis.

The release of hormones into the blood is controlled by a stimulus. A stimulus can increase or decrease the release of hormones.The response to a stimulus changes the internal conditions and may itself become a new stimulus. This self-adjusting mechanism is called feedback regulation.

There are two types of feedback systems.

Negative feedback occurs when the response to a stimulus reduces the original stimulus. Positive feedback occurs when the response to a stimulus increases the original stimulus.

If the hormones released are not controlled by these feedback systems, enormous amount of hormones will change the whole internal enviornment of the body ,hence, equillibrium will be disturbed and result in death of cells and death of an indivisual.

8 0
3 years ago
In fruit flies, L = long wings and I = short wings. When a long winged fly is crossed with a short winged fly, the off spring ex
stellarik [79]

Answer:

Genotype of long winged fly is Ll

Genotype of short winged fly is ll

Explanation:

Given

Allele for long wing trait is "L"

Allele for short wing trait is "l"

When a long winged fly is crossed with a short winged fly, half of the offspring have long wings and other half have short wings as the ratio is 1:1

Let us say that the genotype of long winged fly is Ll

and the genotype of short winged fly is ll

The cross between the two will produce following offspring

Ll * ll

Ll, Ll, ll, ll

Out of four off spring two have long wings (Ll)

and the other two have short wings (ll)

Thus the ration of long to short wing offspring is 2:2 i.e 1:1

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