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having exactly the same DNA sequences, twins start accumulating genetic variation from the earliest stages of development, researchers at Iceland-based company deCODE genetics found, meaning that one twin harbors variants that aren't present in the other.
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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. Meiosis begins with a parent cell that is diploid, meaning it has two copies of each chromosome.
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proton pump creates the electrochemical gradients in the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, protists, and many prokaryotes also they push hydrogen ions from areas of low concentration to areas with high concentration